intramuscular versus intravenous (Iv infusion) ketamine

Ease of Administration:

Intramuscular injection is generally considered simpler and less invasive than intravenous access. It may be more suitable for patients who have difficult or fragile veins which can make IV insertion challenging.

Patient Comfort:

Some patients may find IM injections more comfortable or less anxiety-inducing than IV placement. This can be particularly relevant for individuals with needle phobias or anxiety disorders as an IV infusion requires one to retain a catheter in the vein throughout the duration of treatment (i.e. an individual remains “hooked up” to an IV catheter and fluids).

Less Risk of IV Complications:

Intravenous injections can carry a small risk of complications such as vein irritation, phlebitis, or thrombosis. These risks are minimized with IM administration, as the drug is delivered into the muscle tissue.

Rapid Onset of Action:

IM ketamine often has a rapid onset of action, with effects typically felt within a few minutes. While IV ketamine also acts quickly, the difference in onset is not always significant, and IM may be preferable in cases where a slightly slower onset is acceptable.

Reduced Need for Specialized Equipment:

IM administration does not require the same level of specialized equipment and expertise needed for IV access (IV pump, IV fluids, etc), making it more accessible in most clinical settings.

Ability to Titrate Dose:

Healthcare providers can titrate the dose of IM ketamine by choosing the injection site and needle length. This allows for flexibility in adjusting the dose to meet individual patient needs during a treatment session.

Lower Risk of Extravasation:

Extravasation is a complication where medication leaks outside the vein during IV administration, potentially causing tissue damage. IM injections carry a lower risk of this complication.